Wildland firefighters are routinely exposed to dense smoke for extended periods of time. Studies show that exposure to the chemical components of wildland smoke can lead to negative health effects and other symptoms which may compromise worker performance. Most health problems are not long term, and can be managed using proper preventative techniques such as crew rotation through heavy smoke conditions and proper personal protective equipment. However, a solid understanding of the chemical components of wildfire smoke and its effects on the human body assists both workers and supervisors in making educated decisions in emergency situations that can protect employees from dangerous exposure to smoke. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development asked FERIC to review both print and web-based literature and to summarize this information.